Method and apparatus for shaping stock



May 12, 1936. B CQE METHOD Al XfiAPPARATUS FOR SHAPING STOCK Original Filed Feb. 9, 19 51 8 Sheets-Sheet 1 May 12, 1936. e. B. coE

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SHAPING STOCK a Sheets-Sheet; 2

Original Filed Feb. 9, 1931 May 12, 1936. s. B. col:

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SHAPING STOCK Original Filed Feb. 9; 1931 8' sheets -sheet 3 "HUM-HM] avwemtoz May 12, 1936.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SHAPING STOCK' Original Filed Feb. 9, 1931 B-Sheets-Sheet 4 May 12, 1936. G. B. COE a, 2 4

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SHAPING STOCK Original Filed Feb. 9, 1931 s Sheets-Sheet 5 um v offio 1 In In iil IlllllllllIllllllllllllllllIHIIIIHIINIIIHI "lllii 12, 1936. G. B; COE 2 0 6 METHOD AND APPARATUS FPR SHAPING STOCK Original Filed Feb. 9, 1931 8 Sheets-Sheet 6 e. a. cos --METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SHAPING STOCK Original Filed Feb. 9, 1931 8 Sheets-Sheet 7 May 12, 1936. (:92

METHOD'AND APPARATUS FOR 5mm s'rocx Original Filed Feb. 9, 1931 8 Sha ets-Sheet 8 Patented May 12, 1936 UNITED STATES METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR- SHAPING STOCK George B. Coe,

mesne assignments, ration, Wilmington, ware Application 28 Claims.

This invention relates to metalworking methods and machines and more particularly to methods and machines for shaping die cavities in forming dies, especially when such dies have curved working faces such, for example, as the swaging or roller dies employed in the reducing machines, although it will be apparent that various features of the invention are equally well adapted to metal working machines generally, irrespective of the particular type of work operated upon.

An object of this invention is to provide an improved machine of the type set forth constructed and arranged to shape die catities of various predetermined contours in curved surfaces.

A further object is to provide an improved method of forming grooves of predetermined contours in work pieces.

These and other objects which will be apparent to those skilled in this particular art are accomplished by means of the invention illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which,

Fig. l is a side elevation of a die shaping machine constructed in accordance with one embodiment of this invention.

Fig. 2 is a top plan view thereof.

Fig. 3 is an end elevation looking from the left of Fig. 1. r

Fig. 4 is an end elevation looking from the right of Fig. 1.

Fig. 5 is a sectional view on g. 2. Figs. 6, "1,8, 9 and 10 are cross sectional views on the lines indicated in Fig. 2 looking in the directions of the appropriate arrows. r

Fig. 11 is atransverse sectional view of the work holder on the line ll-ll of Fig. 2.

Fig. '12 is a top plan view of the pattern slide and slot forming inserts.

Fig. 13 is a top plan view of part of the machine showing the control of the cutter by the pattern slide and illustrating in horizontal section the the line 5-5 of work and .work holder in a different position from that shown in Fig. 1, and also showing a rotary grinder in place of the cutter shown in the other The particular embodiment of the present invention which has been chosen for the purposes of illustration comprises a machine which is especially adapted to form and shape the die cavities in a pair of rocker swaging dies, such as are employed in certain forms of tube reducing machines, although it'will be apparent that the invention is equally well adapted for use in the shaping of other types of work. However, for

Waterbury, Conn., assignor, by

to Tube Reducing Corpo- Del., a corporation of Dela February 9, 1931, Serial No. 514,368 Renewed October 14, 1933 the purposes of disclosure, the following description relates to a machine for shaping die cavities in such rocker swaging dies.

As illustrated, the present machine is arranged to simultaneously shape complemental die .cavi- 5 ties in pairs of co-operating rocker dies and such die cavities are so formed as to taper gradually for a portion of their length, such portion being eccentric to the axis of rotation of the rocker, the remainder of the cavity being straight sided and 10 concentric with said axis. Enlarged clearance portions are formed at each end of the groove. In the present machine, a rotarywork holder is provided for supporting a pair of rockers or other die members in position to be rotated about a 15 stationary cutter in such a way that the complemental -die cavities are simultaneously formed in the two rockers. The latter are supported for relative movement on the work holder to permit their being fed past the cutter during the cutting 0 operation, the cutter being positioned on the line of centers between the points about which the rockers are rotated to provide this feeding movement. The cutter is mounted upon a cross slide and means is.provlded for automatically con- 5 trolling the slide during the cutting operation so as to obtain any desired configuration of cavity in the work, tapered or otherwise. At the same time, a feed adjustment of the traverse slide is provided for the purpose of feeding the cutter into the work at the end of each cut.

As illustrated, the machine is operated from any desired source of power, such as the reversing motor 20 which drives the main shaft 2| of the machine through a suitable belt drive 22 which may be connected to and disconnected from the shaft by' any suitable form of clutch 23. A rotary work holder, 24 is supported upon a shaft 25 which is driven by the power shaft through suitable reduction gearing 26. The work holder has a pair of spaced, rotatable, work supporting shafts 21* supported in a housing 28 forming a part of the work supp rt. The housing is bolted directly tothe face of the work holder. Different housings are provided for accommodating different sizes of work pieces, and the appropriate housing can be easily and quickly mounted in place on the work holder. The shafts are connected by gears 29 and are actuated upon and by rotation of the work holder through a gear 30 mounted upon the projecting'end of one of the work supporting shafts 21 and meshing with a gear 3| driven through a train of reduction gears 32 which is in turn operated by a gear 33 forming a p of the 61 v parent that rotation of the work holder causes the stationary gear 34 to drive the gear reduction train 32 and through the gear 36 to slowly rotate the shafts 21 as they revolve about a cutter which is located near the center line about which the shafts revolve, see Fig. 5. Hence, a com-. pound movement is imparted to the work pieces which is produced by causing them to revolve in an orbit about the cutter to produce the cutting action, and simultaneously rotating them about the supporting shafts 21 to feed them slowly past the cutter.

In the illustrated embodiment of the invention, the machine is shown as employed in shaping or forming the die cavities-'36 in complemental rocker dies 31 which are supported upon the work supporting shafts 21 in the manner shown so that upon being revolved around the cutter 35 upon rotation of the work shape the die faces of the two work pieces simultaneously. The cutter is mounted in a suitable cutter bar 38 secured to a traverse slide 39 slidably mounted on a sub slide justable by suitable adjusting screw 4|- operated The subslide 40 is supported upon a suitable bed 44 and is automatically controlled during the cutting operation to form any desired shape of die cavity whether it be tapered, straight, or of other cutter is accomplished automatically by move-- form.

In the shaping of the rocker swaging dies 31;

the cutter, during their orbital movement around it, will produce atapered die cavity in such work pieces. This lateral shaping movement of the ment of the cutter sub slide 40 during operation of the machine. The work holder supporting shaft 25, see Figs. 2 and 10, is connected through gear,-

' ing 45 to shaft 46 which projects outwardly through a wall of the gear housing 41 and has a gear 46, see Fig. 8, secured to its outer end. A gear supporting frame 49 is pivoted to the shaft 46 adjacent the gear 46 and supports an intermediate idler gear 50 which connects thegear with a large pattern driving gear 5i mounted upon the adjacent end of a shaft 52 extending longitudinally of the machine and having its opposite end 53 suitably screw threaded. Any desired ratio of movement between the work holder 24 and the screw shaft 53 can be obtained by varying the size of the gear 5|, the idler gear 50 being movable with the supporting frame 49 to accommodate various diameters of gear 5i. A suitable handle 54 is provided for shifting the idler supporting frame 49 and the latter can be rigidly secured in adjusted position by a clamp nut 55, see Fig. 8.

The cutter supporting sub slide 40 is provided holder 24, the cutter will 40 on which it is adswing or feed the work pieces past slide 66 in the 7 about the work supporting-shafts the cutter to forms. straight groove in such work with an operating arm 56 having a roller or projection 51 engaging a slide controlling pattern slot 56 in a slide 53 supported for movement at right angles to the cutter sub slide 40.

The construction is such as to permit any desired form of slot 56 to be provided so thatany desired movement can be imparted to the sub slide 46 to produce the particular form of die cavity desired. As illustrated, this is accomplished by providing a main slide-60 mounted in suitable ways 5| and connected to the threaded rod 53 as illustrated, the rod 53 is threaded to the slide 60. The main slide 60 has a groove 62 formed in the upper face thereof at an angle to the direction of movement of the slide and an intermediate slide '63 has a similarly inclined ridge 64 on the bottom thereof for engaging the groove 62 of the main slide. The intermediate slide 63 has a straight groove-65 in its upper face, and it will-be slide 63 longitudinally in theinclined slot of the main slide 66 will cause the intermediate slide to be shifted laterally to an extent depending upon the amountof longitudinal adjustment. The particular form of the pattern 8101; different work, and the present invention provides a plurality of removable and interchangeable slot forming inserts by means of which any shape of slot for controlling the form of cut can be built up. As illustrated, a rooved insert 66 having an inclined slot 6'! is positioned on the main slide 66 and the outer end of the slot has an offset 16 for a-purpose to be hereinafter described.

Obviously, the inclined slot- 61 can be extended to a greater length, if desired, merely by secur ing additional inserts in the main slide, or by providing an insert 66 of greater length. In shaping the straight portion the rocker dies-the slide 46 is held against movement by a straightportion of the patternslot 56 formed by inserts 66 mounted on the interinserts and-slide being seslide 66. The inserts 68 co-operate to provide 'a straight slot which forms,

.. in effect, acontinuation of the inclined slot and the length of the straight portion of the die cavity. The inclinedgroove 62 in the main slide permits the intermediate slide and superposed inserts to abut the end of the tapered slot and, hence, the sides'of the inclined and straight slots register irrespective of the particular point at which they meet.

It will be apparent that movement'of the main ways 6|, as a result of the rotation of the threaded shaft 53, will move the cutter controlling arm 56 laterally or will hold it stationary depending upon whether the roller 56 will vary with 51 is in the inclined slot 61 formed by the inserts 66 or whether it is in the straight slot formed by the inserts '68. Where the cutter is held stationary and no lateral traverse is imparted thereto during the cutting operation, the compound movement imparted to the work revolvedaround the cutter as a result of rotation of the work *holder 24, and by being rotated 21, will cause pieces. However, when the arm 56 is gradually moved by the inclined slot 61 to impart a gradual pieces by being traverse t0 the cutter during the cutting operation, a tapered groove will be formed in each apparent that adjustment. of the intermediate 68 is provided work piece. The offset II in the tapered block for giving the cutter such a latter movement at the end of the tapered cut as to form a bell mouth II at the end of the tapered portion of each groove in each work piece. At the opposite end of the straight portion of the pattern groove, an insert I2 having an inclined groove 13 is secured on the intermediate slide for the purpose of forming a slight enlargement 15 in the end of the die cavity opposite the bell mouth II. By a suitablearrangement of inserts or construction of the pattern groove for controlling the slide arm 55, it will be apparent that any desired movement can be imparted to the cutter to form any desired type of groove in the work piece.

In Operation, assuming the parts to be in the position illustrated inFigs. 2 and 5, operation of the power shaft 2i will rotate the work holder 24 through the reduction gears 28 so as to revolve the work pieces around the cutter 35, the depth of out being controlled by the adjustment of the cutter slide 39 as a result of setting the screw 4|. Rotation of the work holder also revolves the gear 33 around the stationary gear 3i so as to drive the reduction gear train 32 and in turn rotate the shafts 21 in proportion to the rotation of the work holder so as to impart a suitable feeding movement to the work pieces past the cutter 35 as they rotate around it. Simultaneously therewith the screw shaft 53 is driven at a predetermined speed to move the pattern slide 60 at a predetermined rate so as to control the lateral position of the cutter during the cutting operation and to form the desired tapered or other shape of groove in the work. As illustrated, a suitable arrangement and combination of the various inserts 6.6, is provided so that the cutter will shape a tapered groove of the desired length followed by a straight groove. As-

suming that the parts are in the position illustrated in Figs. 2 and 5, the oifset IE will cause the cutter to first cut the wallof the bell mouth H and then be shifted to cut a gradually tapering groove, after which, as the roller 5? enters the straight portion of the pattern slot, the cutter will be held against lateral movement and a straight groove will be formed in the work pieces. As the end of the groove is reached, the insert I2 shifts the arm 56 so as to cause the cutter to cut a slight enlargement at that end of the groove,

see Fig. 13. At the end of each cut, the operator reverses the machine, by reversing the driving motor 20 in the illustrated embodiment, and at the same, time adjusts the cutter for a new cut by suitable adjustment of the traverse slide 40. The motor 20 may be 'a multi-speed motor for rapid movement or adjustment of the parts when no out is being made. It will be apparent that the machine is also adapted to suitable grinding operations in which event a grinding cutter I6 is secured in place and its rotary spindle l1 driven by a belt 18 from a suitable motor 19 mounted directly on the cutter slide.

The cutter (or grinder) is adjustable longitudinally of its spindle axis to move'into or out of position. As shown in the drawings the motor and grinder are slidably mounted on the slide 39. Fig. 2 shows the slot and bolt arrangement for retaining the sliding base to permit this movement. This provides for changing tools on the spindle without removing the work pieces by withdrawing the spindle. There is also an added advantage to this arrangement. In certain places along the length of the grooves being. formed in the work pieces it. may be. desirable to form reliei clearances, that is, the grooves near the meeting edges of the work pieces are flared out in a cross section through the groove so as to depart from circular shape (considering both grooves taken together). These flaring clearances may be formed by backing off the cutter from the plane of centers of the axes 21 about which the work pieces rotate as they revolve about the axis of the shaft 25. The effect of this can be clearly comprehended by reference to Fig. 5. The cutter when backed off will not touch the bottoms of the grooves 36 because they diverge from each other as the distance from the plane of centers increases; but it will contact the meeting edges of the work pieces because they do not spread apart so much as to be outof range of the cutter, and the latter consequently is able to out an arcuate flaring clearance in the edges of the rocker grooves.

One effect of changing thesize of gear 5| on the pattern feed screw 53 will now be obvious. It changes the rate of feed of the pattern, slide with'respect to the rate of rotation of the work pieces about their own axes. Consequently the inclined portion 61 of the pattern groove which has herein been made with a given fixed inclination will move at a different rate and will traverse the cutter at a different rate and this will change the slope of the tapered portion of the grooves which are being cut in the work pieces.

I claim as my invention:-

1. The combination in a metal working machine for simultaneously shaping two complemental work pieces, of a cutter, a rotary work ation to vary the form of the cut.

I 3. The combination in a metal working machine, of a rotary work holder, a cutter, means for movably supporting a work piece on said work holder, means for rotating said work holder to revolve said work piece about said cutter, means for moving said work piece on said holder to feed said workpiece past said cutter, means for shifting said cutter during the cutting operation to control the shape of cut and means for traversing said cutter at the end of each cutting stroke.

4. The combination in a metal working ma-' chine 'for grooving the curved surfaces of a pair of work pieces, of a rotary work holder for holding said work pieces with said curved surfaces in contact, a cutter positioned between said work pieces, means for movably supporting said work pieces on said work holder, means for rotating said work holder to revolves'aid work pieces about said cutter, means for moving said work pieces on said holder to feed said curved surfaces past said cutter, means for shifting said cutter laterally during the cutting operation to vary the shape of cut and means for traversing said cutter at the end of each cutting stroke.

work piece on said' work holder, means for rotating said work holder to revolve said work .piece about said cutter, means for rotating said shaft for moving said work piece relatively to said holder to feed said work piece past said cutter, means for shifting said cutter laterally during the cutting operation to control the shape of cut and means for traversing said cutter at the end of each cutting stroke.

6. The combination in a metal working machine of a rotary work holder, a cutter, a cutter supporting'cross slide, means for movablysupporting complemental work pieces on said work holder, means for rotating said holder to subject each of said work pieces to the action of said cutter, means for moving said cutter supporting cross slide during the cutting operation to control the form of cut, and means for adjusting the position of said slide at the beginning of each cut.

7. The combination in a metal. working machine of a work holder, a cutter, a cutter supporting cross slide, means for movably supporting complemental work pieces on said work holder, means for rotating said support so as to subject each of said work pieces to the action of said cutter, means for moving said cutter supporting cross slide during the cutting operation to control the form of out, including a slotted pattern member, a connection between said slide and the slot of said member, and means for causing relative. movement between said member and said slide.

8. The combination in a metal working machine of a cutter, a rotatable work holder as sociated therewith, means for supporting work on said holder to be engaged by said cutter, means for rotating said work holder for revolving said work around said cutter and means operated by rotation of said work holder for feeding said work past said cutter.

9. The combination in a metal working machine of a cutter, a rotatablev work holder associated therewith, a rotatable work supporting shaft for supporting a work piece on said holder in position to be engaged by said cutter,.

means for rotating said holder to revolve said work piece around said cutter and means operated by rotation of said work holder for rotating said shaft to swing said work piece past said cutter as it revolves therearound.

10. The combination in a metal working machine'of a cutter, a rotatable work holder as-' sociated therewith, a rotatable work supporting shaft for supporting a work piece on said holder in position to be engaged by said cutter, means for rotating said work holder to revolve said work piece around said cutter and reductiongearing operated by rotation of said work holder for rotating said work supporting shaft to feed said work piece past said cutter as it revolves therearound.

11. The combination in a metal working machine of a cutter, a rotatable'work holder associated therewith, a rotatable work supporting shaft for supporting a work piece on said holder in position to be engaged by said cutter, means for rotating said work holder to revolve said work piece around said cutter, reduction gearing operated by rotation of said work holder for rotating said work supporting shaft to feed said work piece past said cutter as it revolves therearound, and means for moving said cutter laterally during the cutting operation.

12. The combination in a metal working ma- .chine of a cutter, a rotatable work holder asing said cutter slide duri ,a plurality of detachable inclined slot, an inter-' mediate slide movable in said groove and provided sociated therewith, a rotatable work supporting shaft for supporting a work piece on said holder in position to be engaged by said cutter, means for rotating said work holder to revolve said work piece around said cutter, reduction gearing operated by rotation of said work holder for rotating said work supporting shaft to feed said work piece past said cutteras it revolves therearound, and means for reversing the operation of said machine at each end of a cut and means for traversing said cutter at the end of each cut.

13'. The combination in a metal working machine of a cutter, a rotatable work holder, a supporting shaft therefor, means for rotating said shaft, a movable work support on said holder which is revolved upon rotation of the holder and means secured to said holder and connected to said support for moving said support upon rotation of said holder. I

14. The combination in a metal workingmachine of a cutter, a rotatable work holder, a

supporting shaft for said holder, means for ro-' during the cutting operation for varying the form of cut, a plurality of detachable slot-forming inserts, means for securing any desired arrangement ofinserts on said pattern slide to provide a predetermined pattern slot, a cutter slide opcrating arm operatively associated with said slot and means for moving said pattern slide to shift said arm. I V

16. The combination in a metal working machine of a cutter; a cutter slide, means for moving said cutter slide during the cutting operation.

for varying the form of out including a pattern slide having a laterally inclined groove in its upper face, a plurality of detachable slot-forming inserts, means for securing certain of said inserts in said groove, an intermediate slide mounted on said pattern slide and movable along said groove, said intermediate slide having a longhtudinally extending groove in its upper face,

means for securing other of said inserts in the 'longitudinal groove of said intermediate slide and for clamping said slide in abutting relationship to said first named inserts to form a predetermined pattern slot, a cutter slide operating arm operatively associated with said slot, and cans for moving said pattern slide to operate said arm.

17. The combination in a metal working chine of a cutter, a cutter slide, means for movfor varying the form of out including a pattern slide having an inclined groove in its upper face, inserts secured in said groove and forming an with a longitudinally extending slot in its upper face, a pluralityof inserts positioned in the groove of said intermediate slide for forming a longi tudinally extending slot, means for clamping said slide and associated inserts in abutting relationship with said first named inserts to form a predetermined pattern slot, a cutter slide operating arm operatively associated with said slot,

and means for moving said pattern slide to operate said arm.

ng the cutting operation- 18. The method of forming a groove of predetermined contour in a work piece which com- 19. The method of forming an arcuate groove.

of predetermined varying contour in the curved surface of a work piece which comprises rotating said work piece about an axis to feed said surface past a forming tool, simultaneously revolving said work piece in an orbital path about a fixed center and varying the position of said tool relativelyto said center during movement of said work piece. I

. 20. The combination in a'metal working machine of a rotary work holder, a

associated with said work holder, means for rotating said work independently on said work holder to feed it past said tool and means for shifting said tool during operation thereof to out said -work in a predetermined pattern.

21. The combination in' a metal working machine for simultaneously shaping two complemental work pieces of a rotary work holder, means for securing said work pieces on said holder,.a

cutter arranged to operate on both of said work is rotated, and

pieces when said work holder means for rotating said work pieces independently on said work ciated therewith, a work supporting housingremovably mounted on said work, holder, means for rotating said work holder to revolve said work around said cutter and means on said housing for feeding said worklpast said cutter.

23. The combination in a. meta1 wot-king machine of a cutter, a rotatable work holder associated therewith, a work supporting housing removably mounted on said holder, a movable work supporting member associated with said housing, means for rotating said work holder to revolve said work around said cutter and means on said housing for feeding said work past said cutter.

24. The combination in a metalworking machine of a cutter, a rotatable work holder assomovably mounted on said work holder,

ciated therewith, a work supporting housing a wor supporting shaft mounted in said housing, means for rotating said work holder to revolve said work around said cutter and gearing supported on said housing and operated by rotation of said holder for moving sai shaft to feed-said work .in the work pieces,

tool operatively tating each roll .parallel to one another and to sai holder to feed it past said cutter.

22. The combination in a metal working machine of a cutter, a rotatable work holder asso-' directions transverse the table as the same rotates, and for the purthe rolls in a direction 25. The method of forming flaring clearances at the meeting edges of circumferential grooves in curved work pieces which comprises, rotating a pair of work pieces relationship about a tool located in the plane joining the parallel axes of the work pieces to form semi-circular grooves and thereafter moving the tool of! the said plane tion of the work piece while continuing the moveabout their own axes while v revolving them in working 5' along the axis of revolumentof the-work pieces to form the flaring clear-.

ances.

I 26. In a machine too the kind described, the able table provided with a pair of rolls to be for machining rolls of combination of a rotat-. bearings for supp rtin machined with their axes parallelto one another and to said table, a tool frame of the machine and holder carried on the extending between the pair of rolls so mounted,' means for rotating said table, mechanism for roabout its axis to feed the same to a tool in said holder and mechanism for automatically moving the toolholder in directions transverse to the axis of rotation'of the table as the same rotates/and for thepurpose specified.

2'7. In a machine the kind described, thecombination of a rotatable table provided with bearings, for supporting a" pair of rolls to be machined with their axes,

table, a tool holder movably mounted on the hine framev andextending between the pair of rolls so mounted, means for moving 7 with respect to said table, means for rotating said table. mechanism forrotating each roll about itsaxistofeedthesametoatool for moving the tool holder in in said holder andmechanism to the axis of rotation of pose specified;

28. A method of Pilger rolls, which another about an axis which extends between at right angles to the axes thereof (b) subjectinl th rolls as they rotate to cuts across the periphery faces thereof from a the rolls. and (c) periodicaliy moving the tool radially with'resp to the said axis of'rotation of the pair of rolls in'such a manner'that thecuts'are made in accordance with thc desired contour of-the rolls.-

said tool holder radially "'25 tool for machining rolls ofmm m rolls, m1- example eonsistsin (a) rotating apair' 

